Excel VLOOKUP Formula

Searches for a value in the first vertical column of a range and returns the corresponding cell in another vertical column.

Syntax

Formula structure

Source: Quadratic docs
=VLOOKUP(search_key, search_range, output_col, [is_sorted])
search_key
Required: Yes

The value to search for in the first column of search_range.

search_range
Required: Yes

The table or range to search. The first column must contain the values you want to match.

output_col
Required: Yes

The column number to return from search_range, counted from the left edge of the range starting at 1.

[is_sorted]
Required: No

Optional boolean. FALSE performs an exact match and is the default in Quadratic. TRUE uses sorted approximate matching, so the first column must be sorted.

Examples for the excel vlookup formula

Copy these examples into a spreadsheet and adjust the ranges for your own data.

Exact match lookup

=VLOOKUP(A2, A10:C20, 2, FALSE)

Looks for the value in A2 within the first column of A10:C20 and returns the matching value from the second column.

Return a different column

=VLOOKUP("North", A2:D12, 4, FALSE)

Finds North in the first column of A2:D12 and returns the value from column 4 of that same row.

Sorted approximate lookup

=VLOOKUP(17, A1:C10, 3, TRUE)

Uses a sorted first column to find an approximate match and return a value from the third column.

When to use VLOOKUP

Use VLOOKUP when you need to search for a value in the first vertical column of a range and returns the corresponding cell in another vertical column.

  • Find matching values in tables and ranges.
  • Connect IDs, names, and categories across spreadsheet data.

How VLOOKUP works in Quadratic

In Quadratic, VLOOKUP follows the syntax VLOOKUP(search_key, search_range, output_col, [is_sorted]). The function works inside Quadratic formulas and can be combined with spreadsheet ranges, tables, and other formulas.

Common VLOOKUP mistakes

Most VLOOKUP issues come from mismatched argument types, ranges that do not cover the intended data, or optional parameters being omitted when the default behavior is not what you expected.

  • Check each required parameter before copying the formula across a sheet.
  • Confirm that ranges line up with the rows or columns you intend to analyze.
  • Use Quadratic AI to explain or debug the formula when the result looks wrong.

Related formulas

VLOOKUP formula FAQ

What does the excel vlookup formula do?

VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first vertical column of a range and returns the corresponding cell in another vertical column.

What is the syntax for VLOOKUP?

The syntax is VLOOKUP(search_key, search_range, output_col, [is_sorted]). Required and optional parameters are listed at the top of this guide.

Can Quadratic AI help with VLOOKUP?

Yes. Quadratic AI can write a VLOOKUP formula, explain existing formula logic, or help debug broken references and unexpected results.

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Why formulas slow teams down

  • Long formulas become hard to read, understand, and trust.
  • Formula logic breaks when rows, columns, or assumptions change.
  • Manual updates make dashboards and reports fragile over time.
  • Complex formulas are difficult to explain, review, and share with teammates.
  • Advanced analysis quickly outgrows formula-only workflows.