Formula help guides
Learn the formulas people search for most, with syntax, examples, common mistakes, and Quadratic AI help.
Mathematics
23 formulas
SUM
Adds all values. Returns 0 if given no values.
SUMIF
Evaluates each value based on criteria, then adds the values that meet those criteria. If sum_range is given, values in sum_range are added wherever eval_range meets the criteria.
SUMIFS
Adds values from a range wherever every corresponding criteria range meets its criteria.
PRODUCT
Multiplies all values. Returns 1 if given no values.
ABS
Returns the absolute value of a number.
SQRT
Returns the square root of a number.
CEILING
Rounds a number up to the next multiple of increment.
FLOOR
Rounds a number down to the next multiple of increment.
INT
Rounds a number down to the next integer, toward negative infinity.
POWER
Returns the result of raising base to the power of exponent.
PI
Returns pi, the circle constant.
TAU
Returns tau, the circle constant equal to 2*pi.
CEILING.MATH
Rounds a number up or away from zero to the next multiple of increment. If increment is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
FLOOR.MATH
Rounds a number down or toward zero to the next multiple of increment. If increment is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
ROUND
Rounds a number to the specified number of digits after the decimal point.
ROUNDUP
Rounds a number away from zero to the specified number of digits after the decimal point.
ROUNDDOWN
Rounds a number toward zero to the specified number of digits after the decimal point.
TRUNC
Rounds a number toward zero to the specified number of digits after the decimal point.
MOD
Returns the remainder after dividing number by divisor.
EXP
Returns Euler's number raised to the power of exponent.
LOG
Returns the logarithm of number to the given base. If base is omitted, it is assumed to be 10.
LOG10
Returns the base-10 logarithm of number.
LN
Returns the natural logarithm of number.
Trigonometry
27 formulas
DEGREES
Converts radians to degrees.
RADIANS
Converts degrees to radians.
SIN
Returns the sine of an angle in radians.
ASIN
Returns the inverse sine of a number, in radians.
COS
Returns the cosine of an angle in radians.
ACOS
Returns the inverse cosine of a number, in radians.
TAN
Returns the tangent of an angle in radians.
ATAN
Returns the inverse tangent of a number, in radians.
CSC
Returns the cosecant of an angle in radians.
ACSC
Returns the inverse cosecant of a number, in radians.
SEC
Returns the secant of an angle in radians.
ASEC
Returns the inverse secant of a number, in radians.
COT
Returns the cotangent of an angle in radians.
ACOT
Returns the inverse cotangent of a number, in radians.
SINH
Returns the hyperbolic sine of an angle in radians.
ASINH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number, in radians.
COSH
Returns the hyperbolic cosine of an angle in radians.
ACOSH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number, in radians.
TANH
Returns the hyperbolic tangent of an angle in radians.
ATANH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number, in radians.
CSCH
Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of an angle in radians.
ACSCH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosecant of a number, in radians.
SECH
Returns the hyperbolic secant of an angle in radians.
ASECH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic secant of a number, in radians.
COTH
Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of an angle in radians.
ACOTH
Returns the inverse hyperbolic cotangent of a number, in radians.
ATAN2
Returns the counterclockwise angle, in radians, from the X axis to the point (x, y).
Statistics
11 formulas
AVERAGE
Returns the arithmetic mean of all values.
AVERAGEIF
Evaluates each value based on criteria, then computes the arithmetic mean of matching values.
COUNTIF
Evaluates each value based on criteria, then counts how many values meet those criteria.
COUNTIFS
Evaluates multiple values against their criteria, then counts sets of values that meet every criterion.
MIN
Returns the smallest value.
MAX
Returns the largest value.
VAR
Returns the sample variance of all values.
STDEV
Returns the sample standard deviation of all values.
COUNT
Returns the number of numeric values.
COUNTA
Returns the number of non-blank values.
COUNTBLANK
Counts how many values in the range are empty.
Logic
9 formulas
TRUE
Returns TRUE.
FALSE
Returns FALSE.
NOT
Returns TRUE if the value is falsey and FALSE if it is truthy.
IF
Returns t if condition is truthy and f if condition is falsey.
IFERROR
Returns fallback if there was an error computing value; otherwise returns value.
IFNA
Returns fallback if there was a no match error computing value; otherwise returns value.
AND
Returns TRUE if all values are truthy and FALSE if any value is falsey.
OR
Returns TRUE if any value is truthy and FALSE if all values are falsey.
XOR
Returns TRUE if an odd number of values are truthy and FALSE otherwise.
String
23 formulas
CONCATENATE
Same as CONCAT, but kept for compatibility.
LEN
Returns the length of the string in Unicode code points.
LENB
Returns the length of the string in bytes using UTF-8 encoding.
CODE
Same as UNICODE.
CHAR
Same as UNICHAR.
LOWER
Returns the lowercase equivalent of a string.
UPPER
Returns the uppercase equivalent of a string.
PROPER
Capitalizes words and lowercases the rest.
T
Returns a string value unmodified, or an empty string for non-string values.
EXACT
Returns whether two strings are exactly equal, using case-sensitive comparison.
ARRAYTOTEXT
Converts an array of values to a string.
CONCAT
Concatenates all values as strings.
LEFT
Returns characters from the beginning of a string.
LEFTB
Returns bytes from the beginning of a string using UTF-8 encoding.
RIGHT
Returns characters from the end of a string.
RIGHTB
Returns bytes from the end of a string using UTF-8 encoding.
MID
Returns a substring starting at start_char with a given character count.
MIDB
Returns a substring starting at start_byte with a given byte count.
UNICODE
Returns the first Unicode code point in a string as a number.
UNICHAR
Returns a string containing the given Unicode code point.
CLEAN
Removes nonprintable ASCII characters from a string.
TRIM
Removes leading and trailing spaces and reduces internal repeated spaces.
NUMBERVALUE
Parses a number from a string using decimal and group separators.
Array
4 formulas
Date & time
14 formulas
NOW
Returns the current local date and time.
TODAY
Returns the current local date.
DATE
Returns a specific date from a year, month, and day.
TIME
Returns a specific time from an hour, minute, and second.
DURATION.YMD
Returns a duration of years, months, and days.
DURATION.HMS
Returns a duration of hours, minutes, and seconds.
YEAR
Returns the year portion of a date or duration.
MONTH
Returns the month portion of a date or duration.
DAY
Returns the day portion of a date or duration.
HOUR
Returns the hour portion of a time or duration.
MINUTE
Returns the minute portion of a time or duration.
SECOND
Returns the second portion of a time or duration.
EDATE
Adds a number of months to a date.
EOMONTH
Returns the last day of the month that is months_offset months after day.
Lookup
6 formulas
INDIRECT
Returns the value of the cell at a given location.
VLOOKUP
Searches for a value in the first vertical column of a range and returns the corresponding cell in another vertical column.
HLOOKUP
Searches for a value in the first horizontal row of a range and returns the corresponding cell in another horizontal row.
XLOOKUP
Searches for a value in a linear range and returns a row or column from another range.
MATCH
Searches for a value in a range and returns the index of the first match, starting from 1.
INDEX
Returns the element in range at a given row and column.
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